Glass fiber industry research report: Composite material model, cycle and growth coexist

1 Glass fiber composite material model, applied to various fields of national economy

1.1 Glass fiber – high performance inorganic non-metallic material

Glass fiber high performance materials, a wide range of applications. Glass fiber was born in the 1930s, is pyrophyllite, quartz sand, limestone, dolomite, borite, boromite and other main mineral raw materials and boric acid, soda ash and other chemical raw materials production of inorganic non-metallic materials. With light weight, high strength, high and low temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, heat insulation, flame retardant, sound absorption, electrical insulation and other excellent properties and a certain degree of functional designability, it is an excellent functional material and structural material. In recent years, glass fiber thermoplastic reinforced materials have developed rapidly, and new products such as glass fiber reinforced building materials, short fiber and long fiber direct reinforced materials have become new highlights of the development of glass fiber industry. The application of glass fiber has expanded from traditional industrial fields such as building materials, electronic appliances, rail transit, petrochemical, automobile manufacturing to emerging fields such as aerospace, wind power generation, filtration and dust removal, environmental engineering, and ocean engineering.

The classification principle is different, and the glass fiber types are different. According to the different product form and production process, the company’s glass fiber products can be divided into roving, spun yarn, roving products, spun yarn products four categories. Roving includes direct yarn, ply yarn and short cut yarn; Fine yarn can be divided into initial twist yarn, double twist yarn, bulk yarn and direct yarn. Roving products include multi-axial fabric, plaid cloth, felt; Fine yarn products include electronic cloth and industrial cloth. According to the different matrix resin materials matched, it can be divided into thermosetting glass fiber and thermoplastic glass fiber two categories.

The matrix resins matching glass fiber for thermosetting resins are phenolic resin, urea-formaldehyde resin, epoxy resin, unsaturated resin, polyurethane and so on. Thermosetting resin is a linear or branched-chain polymer before curing, and after heat curing, chemical bonds are formed between molecular chains to become a three-dimensional network structure, which is formed once and cannot be heated again. It is mainly used in the fields that need to achieve heat insulation, wear resistance, insulation, high voltage and other effects, such as wind blades and circuit boards.

The matrix resins matching glass fiber for thermoplastic resin are mainly polyolefin, polyamide, polyester, polycarbonate, polyformaldehyde and so on. Thermoplastic resin is a high molecular weight solid at room temperature, is a linear or a few branched chain polymer, no cross-linking between molecules, only by van der Waals force or hydrogen bond to attract each other. In the molding process, the thermoplastic resin is softened and flowed after pressure heating, without chemical crosslinking, and can be shaped in the mold, and the products with the required shape can be made by cooling. Mainly used to achieve toughness, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance and other effects of the field, such as automobile manufacturing, household appliances, electronic appliances, building materials. After the thermoplastic glass fiber composite is cured and cooled, it can still reach the fluidity by reheating and has good recyclability.

Glass fiber production tank kiln is the main, crucible wire drawing gradually withdrawn from the market. There are two main glass fiber production processes, which are divided into two forming – crucible wire drawing method and one forming – pool kiln wire drawing method. Crucible wire drawing method: the process is complex, the glass raw material is melted into a glass ball at high temperature, and then the glass ball is melted twice, and the high-speed wire drawing is made into glass fiber yarn. Pool kiln wire drawing method: the raw materials such as pyrophylla are melted in the kiln to make glass solution, and the bubbles are removed and transported to the porous leakage plate through the channel, and the glass fiber is drawn at high speed. The kiln can connect hundreds of leaky plates through multiple channels at the same time. Compared with the crucible wire drawing method, the pool kiln wire drawing process is simple, energy saving and consumption reduction, stable forming, high efficiency and high yield, and is convenient for large-scale fully automated production, which has become the international mainstream production process, and the glass fiber dimension produced by this process accounts for more than 90% of the global output.